Dynamic interactions between crustal shortening,extension, and magmatism in the North American Cordillera     

Mian Liu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,146(3-4):447-467

This paper examines the first-order dynamic interactions between crustal shortening, extension, and volcanism in tectonic evolution in the North American Cordillera. The protracted crustal compression in the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic (110–55 Ma) contributed to the subsequent Tertiary extension by thermally weakening the lithosphere and producing an overthickened (>50 km) and gravitationally unstable crust. In addition to post-kinematic burial heating, synkinematic thermal processes including conduction are shown significantly because of the long period of crustal contraction and the slow shortening rates (<4 mm/yr). The effects of shear heating were probably limited for the same reasons. Localized delamination of the lithospheric mantle may have contributed to the abundant plutonism and high crustal temperature in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera at the end of the orogeny. Most early-stage extension in the Cordillera, characterized by formation of metamorphic core complexes, resulted from gravitational collapse of the overthickened crust. Plutionism may have facilitated strain localization, causing widespread crustal extension at relatively low stress levels. Crustal collapse, however, was unlikely the direct cause of the Basin-Range extension, because the gravitational stresses induced by crustal thickening are limited to the crust; only a small fraction of the gravitational stresses may be transmitted to the lithospheric mantle. Nor could core complex formation induce the voluminous mid-Tertiary volcanism, which requires major upwelling of the asthenosphere. While the causes of the asthenospheric upwelling are not clear, such processes could provide the necessary conditions for the Basin-Range extension: the driving force from thermally induced gravitational potential and a thermally weakened lithosphere. The complicated spatial and temporal patterns of volcanism and extension in the Basin and Range province may be partially due to the time-dependent competing effects of thermal weakening and rheological hardening associated with intrusion and underplating of mantle-derived magmas.  相似文献   

冀北东坪金矿床地质特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵声 《黄金地质》1996,2(2):22-26

冀北东坪金矿是赋存于水泉沟偏碱性杂岩体内的新类型金矿床，金矿化与硅化和肉红色钾长石化密切相关；矿物组合以自然－金碲化物－多金属硫化物－氧化物为主，并含有较多的次生自然金；矿脉受ＮＮＥ和ＮＷ向２组断裂构造控制。成矿物质来源于太古宇崇礼群变质岩和偏碱性杂岩体，成矿温度２７８～３８５℃，成矿时代为燕山期。矿床类型为重熔交代中高温石英脉蚀变岩型金矿床。  相似文献   

吉林延边东部J_2－K_1火山－侵入杂岩岩浆的生成与演化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孟庆丽  周永昶 《岩石矿物学杂志》1996,15(1):30-39

位于古生代东西向构造岩浆带和中、新生代北东向构造岩浆带交汇处的延边地区，在中侏罗－早白垩世期间生成两套中－高钾钙碱性火山－侵入杂岩。中侏罗世（１８０－１７０Ｍａ），该区受Ｆａｒａｌｌｏｎ板块俯冲作用影响，在（２４—２７）×１０８Ｐａ，１０７８—１２３０℃和８０—９０ｋｍ深处，由地幔岩两阶段熔融产生玄武安山质岩浆，经分异演化生成一套低稀土元素且分异作用良好的火山岩系．晚侏罗世（１６０—１４５Ｍａ）期间，Ｆａｒａｌｌｏｎ板块向北东方向横推致使该地区缺乏岩浆活动。早白垩世（１４０—１３０Ｍａ）期间Ｉｚａｎａｇｉ板块向欧亚大陆低角度俯冲，该区在２５．５－２８．５）×１０８Ｐａ，１１１７—１１３８℃和８５—９５ｋｍ处生成玄武安山质岩浆，经分界演化形成一套高稀土分异作用较差的火山岩系。  相似文献   

An Experimental Styudy on Gold Solubility in Amino Acid Solution and Its Geological Significance     

张景荣  陆建军等 《中国地球化学学报》1996,15(4):296-302

The experiments on gold solubility in amino acid solution mdicate that gold is very intensively soluble in amino acid(or other organic acids),which is extensively present in geological bodies,and is most soluble in histidine.The temperature and concentration,acidity and type of amino acid in the solution are important factors affecting gold-amino acid complexing. The solubility of gold in amino acid is different under different conditions of temperature, amino acid concentration and pH value of the solution,At 80℃ and pH=6-8,gold is most soluble in amino acid.Gold dispersed in water and rocks could be concentrated and transported by amino acid and then precipitated in favorable loci.Amino acids might have played an important role in metallogenesis as well as in the formation of source beds of gold.Nitrogen,oxygen and sulfur in amino acid might have reacted with gold to form soluble complex ions.  相似文献   

中天山基底岩系的韧性-脆韧性改造作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

车自成  刘良 《地质科学》1996,31(4):391-396

造山带核部往往都存在一些古老的中深变质岩系,后期都受到多次构造作用的叠加,从而呈现出一种极其复杂的面貌。夹于中东阿尔卑斯造山带中的门德雷斯、克谢希尔、尼德、阿拉尼亚和比特利斯等变质地块(阿达米亚等,1976),以及我国大别群(陈江峰等,1993)、秦岭群(游振东等,1994)等都是如此。中天山地区存在类似情况,这里存在两类基底岩系,一类基本未变质,另一类则由中深变质岩系所组成。前一类以伊犁地块的基底为代表(车自成等,1994),出露地层由中晚元古界浅海碎屑岩、叠层石碳酸岩和上覆的冰债层组成,构成区内稳定型基底;另一类以巴伦台群为代表(车自成等,1994),由各类结晶片岩、片麻岩、混合岩和不同时代的岩体组成活动型基底。后者形成于中晚元古代,并受到多期构造热事件的改造,除明显的多期变形外,其同位素年龄也从元古代直至中生代呈现连续演化的趋势。  相似文献   

石英溶解动力学研究进展     

张生  李统锦 《世界地质》1996,15(4):8-13

综述了石英在纯水、电解质和有机酸溶液中的溶解动力学实验技术和研究成果，着重阐述了电解质浓度、离子强度、ｐＨ阳离子和有机酸对石英溶解的动力学促进作用，并指出这种催化效应与石英表面负电性络合物的反应性有关。  相似文献   

冀西北水泉沟—后沟偏碱性正长杂岩体岩石学,岩石化学特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蒋心明  王郁 《黄金地质》1996,2(4):56-61

水泉沟－后沟正生杂岩体是冀西北规模最大偏碱性岩体之一。岩体为５次侵入，８种岩石类型，主要造岩矿物是钾长石和钠长石，少量霓辉石，透辉石。岩石化学与世界偏碱性正长岩相似。  相似文献   

汉南金水-青泥坑镁铁层状杂岩体岩石层序与铂矿化     

杨星  潘小平  姚文光  杨建国  杨合群 《地球学报》1996,17(Z1):43-49

汉南镁铁层状杂岩是出露于扬子板块北缘的一个大岩体，据测同位素年代为1121-748Ma，属中元古侵位于西乡群变质岩系的岩体。杂岩体按岩石类型分为由辉长岩类组成的上部带和由辉石-橄榄岩组成的下部岩带构成。岩石化学、矿物化学和微量元素地球化学的演变与层状岩序变化相当一致。韵律层发育部位，矿物组分多次重复出现。层状岩序的稀土总量（La/Yb）N值完全符合随着层序增高、分馏趋势增加一般规律。本文系统阐述了杂岩体各为岩石的铂族元素分配特征，初步确定了铂矿化与铜镍矿化产出部位。在分析了杂岩体产出构造环境的基础上，探讨了杂岩体原始岩浆性质，估算了部分熔融程度。  相似文献   

Cretaceous episodic growth of the Japanese Islands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Kimura 《Island Arc》1997,6(1):52-68

Abstract The Japanese Islands formed rapidly in situ along the eastern Asian continental margin in the Cretaceous due to both tectonic and magmatic processes. In the Early Cretaceous, huge oceanic plateaus created by the mid-Panthalassa super plume accreted with the continental margin. This tectonic interaction of oceanic plateau with continental crust is one of the significant tectonic processes responsible for continental growth in subduction zones. In the Japanese Islands, Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene continental growth is much more episodic and drastic. At this time the continental margin uplifted regionally, and intra-continent collision tectonics took place in the northern part of the Asian continent. The uplifting event appears to have been caused by the subduction of very young oceanic crust (i.e. the Izanagi-Kula Plate) along the continental margin. Magmatism was also very active, and melting of the young oceanic slab appears to have resulted in ubiquitous plutons in the continental margin. Regional uplift of the continental margin and intra-continent collision tectonics promoted erosion of the uplifted area, and a large amount of terrigenous sediment was abruptly supplied to the trench. As a result of the rapid supply of terrigenous detritus, the accretionary complexes (the Hidaka Belt in Hokkaido and the Shimanto Belt in Southwest Japan) grew rapidly in the subduction zone. The rapid growth of the accretionary complexes and the subduction of very young, buoyant oceanic crust caused the extrusion of a high-P/T metamorphic wedge from the deep levels of the subduction zone. Episodic growth of the Late Cretaceous Japanese Islands suggests that subduction of very young oceanic crust and/or ridge subduction are very significant for the formation of new continental crust in subduction zones.  相似文献   

Regional metamorphic belts of the Japanese Islands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takashi  Nakajima 《Island Arc》1997,6(1):69-90

Abstract An overview of the regional metamorphic belts of Japan is given in the context of the tectonic evolution of the Japanese Islands. The Japanese Islands were situated on an active margin of the Eurasian continent or its constituent landmass before their assembly during the Phanerozoic. The Japanese Islands are composed mainly of metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed accretionary complexes, granitoids and their effusive equivalents that were formed by the Cordilleran-type orogeny. The metamorphic belts are regarded essentially as a deep-seated portion of an accretionary complex. In spite of continuous subduction of oceanic plates beneath the continents, these orogenic rocks were formed quite episodically, as evidenced by discontinuous matrix ages of the accretionary complexes and a striking concentration of isotopic ages of the granitoids. A systematic along-arc age shift of Cretaceous large-scaled granitic magmatism and regional metamorphism suggests a tectonic control such as ridge subduction, which triggered the episodic orogeny. A tectonic model based on the paired metamorphic belts, combined with the non-steady tectonic control, works well to explain this magmatism and metamorphism in a single arc-trench system as a continental margin process. However, the juxtapositional process of the paired metamorphic belts is still a problem. Two possible cases, namely transcurrent displacement and back-arc overthrusting are discussed.  相似文献